Certified Wound Ostomy Nurse (CWON) Practice Test

Which of the following is NOT considered a risk factor for LEAD?

1. Smoking

2. Family history of cardiovascular disease

3. High alcohol consumption

4. Obesity

The correct answer is: High alcohol consumption

The identification of high alcohol consumption as not being a risk factor for Lower Extremity Arterial Disease (LEAD) is significant, as the primary risk factors for LEAD often center around conditions that directly affect vascular health and circulation. Smoking, for instance, is widely recognized as a major risk factor due to its detrimental effects on blood vessels, leading to reduced blood flow and increased plaque buildup. Family history of cardiovascular disease also plays a crucial role, as genetic predispositions can influence an individual's likelihood of developing various cardiovascular conditions, including LEAD. Obesity is another critical factor, as excessive body weight can lead to atherosclerosis and subsequent restricted blood flow in the lower extremities. While high alcohol consumption can negatively affect overall health and may indirectly contribute to risks associated with cardiovascular issues, it is not directly listed as a primary risk factor for LEAD. This distinction helps clarify the specific lifestyle and hereditary components that most significantly contribute to the development of this condition. Understanding these differences allows healthcare professionals to better educate patients on the specific lifestyle modifications needed to manage or mitigate their risk for LEAD.